Decisions regarding the implementation of the synchronisation project are based on studies, taking into account both the economic rationale and technical aspects. Since 2013, several studies have been conducted, which have modelled potential scenarios for the synchronisation of the Baltic power grids with Europe, as well as the Baltic States' technical conditions and the measures performed to implement synchronisation. Likewise, studies have been conducted regarding readiness for emergency synchronisation. The majority of studies have been conducted with support from European Union structural funds, because synchronisation has been set as a strategic goal within European energy policy.
The origins of synchronisation with European grids date back to 2007, when the prime ministers of the Baltic States put forward the idea of researching the possibility of the Baltic States joining the European grid system. During the period from 2009 to 2019, the Baltic States' electricity transmission system operators (PSO) conducted several technical and economic studies of the technical and economic feasibility of the Baltic States' synchronisation. One of the first serious synchronisation studies, "Research into Baltic synchronous operations" was conducted by Baltic PSOs from 2012-2013, which demonstrated that synchronisation was technically possible.
Subsequently, in 2018, one of the main synchronisation studies was conducted into the necessary technical measures for reliable and stable operations and their impact on Baltic electricity systems. On the basis of this, in 2018 the leaders of the Baltic States and European Commission made the political decision to commence synchronous operations with continental Europe at the end of 2025.
The most recent studies found that, in order to ensure the reliable and stable operation of the system, the Baltic States have to provide a range of auxiliary services including system inertia and the system frequency regulation service, which require the installation of new technologies, including synchronous condensers and energy storage batteries (BESS – Battery Energy Storage System).
- Studies regarding the parameters of Baltic power grids for synchronous operation with the European grid
- Research into technical and economic solutions to ensure the stable operation of the energy system in conditions of a high proportion of renewable energy resources
- A study of additional measures and expenditures required for synchronisation of the Baltic States with continental Europe
- Dynamic stability study
- A study of the isolated operation of the Baltic States
- Integration of the Baltic States into Europe's electricity system: technical and economic analysis
- Synchronous operation preliminary study: integration of the Baltic States into Europe's internal electricity market